life metabolism
The researchers used: 1) a data-driven k-means algorithm to identify six TPEI patterns, including the “evenly distributed” pattern, the “breakfast-dominant” pattern, the “lunch-dominant” pattern, the the “dinner-dominated” model, the “snack-heavy” model, and the “breakfast-skipping” model; 2) Cognitive function was assessed using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m), including immediate and delayed word recall (20 points), counting down (2 points), and the subtraction in series 7 (5 points). The total global cognitive score ranged from 0 to 27, with a higher score representing better cognitive function; 3) The correlation between TPEIs and cognitive function over 10 years was assessed using Linear Mixed Models (LMM), adjusted for age, gender, place of residence, total energy , physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, household income, level of education and body mass index (BMI).
The results showed that, compared to those with an ‘even distribution’ pattern, long-term cognitive function scores were significantly lower in those with unbalanced TPEIs, particularly those with an ‘even distribution’ pattern. breakfast skip.” Thus, maintaining balanced TPEIs has potentially positive effects on cognitive health, while skipping breakfast may significantly increase the risk of cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of optimal TPEIs in cognitive function.
Source :
Journal reference:
Chen, H., et al. (2022) Temporal patterns of energy intake and cognitive function and its decline: a community cohort study in China. Life metabolism. doi.org/10.1093/lifemeta/loac011.