2023-04-24 06:33:00
[베이비타임즈=장선희 기자] As the number of obese patients in Korea has steadily increased over the past 10 years, childhood diabetes and obesity are emerging as social problems. Obesity in childhood and adolescence is likely to lead to adult obesity, and the prevalence of various complications such as precocious puberty also increases, so obesity must be managed from childhood.
Diabetes and obesity problems in children and adolescents go beyond health problems and affect school life, so parents should pay attention and pay attention to prevention and treatment. I heard questions about childhood diabetes and childhood obesity from Ha Woo-yeon, director Yoon Jeong-seon.
Q. What is childhood diabetes and what are its symptoms?
A. ‘Juvenile diabetes’ is diabetes that occurs in children in childhood and adolescence. Generally, diabetes can be divided into type 1 and type 2. ‘Type 1’ refers to a case in which the secretion of insulin, which lowers blood sugar in the blood, is absolutely insufficient, and insulin injections must be met periodically. ‘Type 2’ usually occurs in adults, and due to insulin resistance, the amount of insulin is high, but it works well in the cells and does not play a role, so it is not necessary to get an injection. Most of the childhood diabetes belongs to type 1, and type 1 occurs because the beta cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin are destroyed and the insulin that lowers blood sugar is not secreted as much as necessary, so it cannot suppress the rise in blood sugar after eating. Therefore, insulin that cannot be secreted in the human body is injected from the outside, or drug treatment such as oral hypoglycemic drugs is required, and lifelong management is required.
As for the symptoms, like the early symptoms of general diabetes, it is ‘multiple, multi-diet’. This means drinking a lot of water and urinating often. Not only do you drink a lot of water and urinate a lot on a regular basis, but you lose weight compared to urinating at night and eating a lot of food. You can also suspect extreme fatigue and lethargy without a specific cause. In particular, since diabetes often runs in families, it is good to get tested if there is a parent or relative in the family with childhood diabetes. There is no specific way to prevent childhood diabetes yet, but regular eating habits, obesity management, and regular exercise will help manage it.
Q. Please explain the problems and solutions unique to childhood obesity.
A. In the case of childhood obesity, we must be vigilant in two main areas.
First, the number of fat cells that increased during childhood and adolescence does not decrease even after reaching adulthood. In the case of children, this is the period in which cells divide and multiply repeatedly. When children become obese when they are too young, the number of fat cells that have already increased does not change even when they become adults. Second, it adversely affects the precocious puberty and growth of children. Excessive greasy or sweetness can affect the secretion of growth hormone, which adversely affects growth. In addition, early puberty due to obesity affects bone growth because it can cause early bone maturation (closed growth plates) due to exposure to female hormones earlier. Before mentioning prevention or treatment of childhood obesity, in the case of childhood obesity, it is necessary to think about the part called ‘growth’ differently from adults. In other words, you should not fast or fast like an adult diet. If the material that is the basis for growth is insufficient, there is no way to grow taller.
Q. What is the principle of prevention and treatment of childhood diabetes and obesity?
A. The first is to limit unnecessary excessive calorie intake. In addition to regular three meals, excessive calorie intake should be limited, and drinks containing a lot of fructose, chicken, ramen, instant food, pizza, and hamburgers should be limited as much as possible, but it is recommended to set a specific time to feed the child when he or she wants it too much. It is recommended to feed it as a side dish to a normal meal if possible. Second, you have to eat a proper meal three times a day without unbalanced food at a fixed time. Because of the specificity of growing, it is necessary to eat a balanced diet instead of reducing unnecessary calories. Third, regular exercise is essential. This is because you can see the effect of ‘killing two birds with one stone’, which not only prevents and treats obesity, but also helps growth by stimulating the growth plate through exercises such as walking and jumping rope.
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