Women with higher blood levels of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid face a higher rate of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, according to new research from the National Institutes of Health.
The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, examined blood samples collected from participants years before any cancer diagnosis. Researchers measured concentrations of 17 different per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Clinical Implications of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Tumors
ER-negative breast cancer differs from more common forms of the disease because tumor cells lack the specific proteins that allow estrogen to stimulate cancer growth. These tumors can be more aggressive, have fewer established treatment options and are often associated with poorer outcomes.
The new findings suggest that exposure to certain persistent environmental chemicals could be one contributing factor.
Chemical Concentrations Affect Breast Cancer Rates
The analysis revealed substantial differences in disease rates based on baseline chemical concentrations.
| Forever Chemical | Exposure Group Comparison | Relative Rate Increase |
|---|---|---|
| Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) | Highest vs. Lowest Blood Levels | 67% higher rate |
| Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) | Highest vs. Lowest Blood Levels | 93% higher rate |
Researchers found no clear link between either chemical and breast cancer risk overall.
PFAS May Influence Cancer Through Non-Hormonal Processes
While PFOA and PFOS have been largely phased out of use in many countries, they remain widespread in the environment and can still be detected in people’s blood. Researchers emphasize that more research is needed, particularly evaluating the risk of breast cancer associated with newer replacement PFAS chemicals.
References
- Journal of Clinical Oncology, National Institutes of Health research publication on legacy PFAS and ER-negative breast cancer.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Sister Study epidemiological data and participant cohort documentation.
