Moreover, the project developer has announced ambitions to have over 200 new capture plants open by 2030, capable of capturing more than 220 million CO2 annually. Only 10 projects are under development as FID (Final Investment Decision) as of June 2022. However, even at this level, The application of CCUS is considerably underestimated in the IEA’s Net Zero Scenario.
Although some utilization of CO2 could bring significant climate benefits. But the relatively limited market size for these applications means that the main focus must be For CCUS technology, it is CO2 storage.
According to Net Zero Scenario, more than 95% of CO2 captured in 2030 is stored underground and less than 5% is used.
must first understand that Carbon capture and utilization means a wide range of applications. There are CO2 captured and used directly, e.g. without chemical change. or indirectly (transformed) into various products
Currently, about 230 million tons of CO2 are consumed each year. Most of it is used directly in the fertilizer industry for urea production (approximately 130 million tons) and for oil recovery processes (approximately 80 million tons).
And it is interesting to note that new approaches to the utilization of CO2 in the production of synthetic fuels. Chemicals and building aggregates are gaining momentum.
By 2030, the amount of CO2 The pipeline of the current project has shown that about 5 million tons of CO2 can be captured for synthetic fuel production. While this level of deployment is not far off the 7.5 million tonnes of CO2 required to produce synthetic fuels by 2030, according to the Net Zero Scenario report, half of the CCUS enacted projects are still in the early stages of production. development and will likely need more support to continue.
Using CO2 as a possible source of income for industrial emitters Now with this technology, up to 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year can be captured from industrial sites in Germany for methanol production as part of the HySCALE100 project.
On the Chinese side, CRI (China Radio International) is developing the project. CO2-to-methanol Three projects in China and one in Norway at petrochemical and ferrosilicon plants.
Importantly, this growing share of commercial synthetic fuel projects also include several projects that have plans to source some or all of the CO2 from biogenic sources or from the air for carbon neutralization:
- In Norway, the Norsk-e fuel plant may be the world’s first large-scale synthetic fuel plant, combining CO2 from pollution sources. Combine point-source and airborne CO2 with electrolytic hydrogen to produce 25 million liters of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by 2024 and up to 100 million liters by 2030.
- Lanzatech and HIF global are studying the feasibility of a project of similar size. There are synthetic air fuel plants under development in Canada, Chile and the United States. which may be operational as early as 2025
- In Denmark, the supply of CO2 from bioelectric power plants for fuel is being explored in the Green Fuels for Denmark project, and the use of CO2 at waste-to-energy plants is being explored in Denmark and Portugal.
Implementation of CCUS technology in Thailand
In Thailand, this technology is still only a part of carbon capture and storage – Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS only, there is no use of CO2 or Utilization
PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited or PTTEP (PTTEP) had announced in July that brought knowledge and experience in geology and petroleum engineering from Exploration and Production (E&P) to develop Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects to reduce carbon emissions from petroleum production processes. The carbon produced from compressed petroleum production will be returned to existing production wells that are no longer being produced. which is a technology that many The country estimates that It is the main technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere in greater quantities than other technologies.
PTTEP is conducting a carbon capture and storage (CCS) trial using an existing production well at Arthit field owned by the Company. used to store carbon in about 4-5 wells. In the first phase, the goal is to be able to store carbon in the sun field about 1 million tons per year. Currently, it is in the process of pre-FEED study. CCS technology will be introduced at solar natural gas fields in 2026, which will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum production.
In addition, PTTEP is studying and developing a CCS project at the Lang Lebah field in the Malaysia SK410B project, which is also a large natural gas field discovered by the Company in Malaysia.
However, the CCS project in Thailand will be possible. It must rely on other relevant elements such as policies, laws and investment promotion factors. This will require support from both the government sector and various organizations in pushing and promoting the adoption of CCS technology in Thailand in a concrete way according to the goal.
It is estimated that In the Gulf of Thailand, unproductive wells can be used to store up to 40 million tons of carbon dioxide, but there are legal restrictions on access to the area. In this regard, the state must proceed to amend the regulations. so that it can be utilized in unowned areas in the Gulf of Thailand
refer:
https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-capture-and-utilisation
https://www.pttep.com/th/Sustainabledevelopment/Carbon-Capture-And-Storage.aspx