2024-03-25 04:04:14
When a baby is infected with symptoms such as enterovirus, roseola, chickenpox, etc., the physical discomfort will make the baby cry non-stop, and the parents on the side will look very anxious! We invited professional dermatologists to analyze 6 common rash diseases and teach parents how to prevent and respond to rash symptoms.
Infections │ Rash Diseases │ Identifying Baby Rashes
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
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6 common diseases associated with rash symptoms
1. Chickenpox
Lin Hongqian, the attending physician at Peng Xianli Dermatology Clinic, said that after an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks, most patients will first develop cold symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, fatigue, sore throat, etc. The baby will first start to have a fever of 37 to 38°C. After about 1 day, a red rash will appear on the face, chest, abdomen and other parts of the body. After the second day, the rash will begin to suppurate. Within 3 to 4 days, it will spread to various parts such as the head, mouth and sexual organs. .
Depending on the time, red papules, blisters, pustules, and crusted pustules will appear. They are characterized by abnormal itching, sometimes itching and pain, so the blisters are often broken due to itching, causing infection, and even leaving scar. The rash of chickenpox will gradually scab over, and the fever will gradually improve. Once all the blisters have scabbed over, they will no longer be contagious. Usually, once you have had it once, you will be immune for life.
Advertisement (Please continue reading this article) Causes
Mainly caused by the “varicella zoster virus”, it is usually infected by respiratory inhalation, but you may also be infected with chickenpox if you break the blisters and have direct contact with them. It is highly contagious, especially in children under 9 years old.
prevention methods
Vaccination:
(1) The chickenpox vaccine is an active attenuated vaccine. About 95% of people can produce antibodies after vaccination, which can last for at least 7 years. Some adults are still infected with chickenpox after vaccination, but the symptoms after infection are milder.
(2) Vaccination dose: One dose for children aged 12 months to under 13 years old, and two doses for children over 13 years old, with an interval of 4 to 8 weeks.
(3) Routine vaccination targets and schedule: Starting from January 1, 2004, the government provides free vaccination to children born after January 2003 and over 12 months old.
How to identify baby rash│chickenpox
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
2. Measles
The incubation period is about 10 to 14 days. In the early stage of the disease, there are conjunctivitis and some upper respiratory tract symptoms. The baby will first have high fever, fatigue, cough, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and other symptoms. Before the rash occurs, Klinefelter spots will appear on the inside of the buccal mucosa. Generally, measles starts with erythematous papules on the face, and then gradually spreads from top to bottom to the neck, arms, palms, body, and finally the legs and soles. Measles is mostly not itchy, and there is often some small bleeding. The spots and rashes will merge with each other to form larger patches. After the third day, they will begin to subside in the order in which they appear. During the recovery period, brown pigmentation will be left and peeling may occur.
If there are no complications, the fever and rash last about 7 to 10 days. In addition to Klinefelter spots, the focus of diagnosis is also the so-called “3Cs”, which are obvious symptoms of “conjunctivitis”, “runny nose” and “cough”. Measles virus is highly pathogenic, and most individuals without measles immunity will become ill after being exposed to the virus. Measles is sometimes complicated by pneumonia, encephalitis and other illnesses. Infants and young children are particularly prone to complications, which may also lead to death.
Cause
It is caused by the measles virus and spreads through the air and droplets. The incubation period is 7 to 18 days, usually 14 days. It is most likely to be contagious 4 days before and after the onset of rash. The antibodies a baby gets from his mother only last for 6 to 9 months. Anyone who has never had measles or has not been vaccinated against measles may be infected with measles, but people who have had measles have lifelong immunity.
prevention methods
(1) After injection of a vaccine containing active attenuated measles, more than 95% of people can develop active immunity.
(2) Routine vaccination schedule: Children aged 12 months and above and in the first grade of elementary school should receive one dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.
Identifying baby rashes│Measles
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
3. German measles
Clinically, patients infected with German measles will have mild symptoms, such as mild fever, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, obvious swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, and accompanied by systemic irregular papules, similar to measles or scarlet fever rash, and the rash lasts for about 3 days. . About 20% to 50% have no obvious rash, and some infected people will suffer from joint pain or arthritis, especially adult women. The younger the child, the less obvious the incubation period. The initial stage may be mild fever and nasopharyngitis, and a erythematous rash will quickly spread from top to bottom on the face, and will begin to disappear from top to bottom the next day. Typical cases The rash will only last for three days and there will be no pigmentation.
Cause
Caused by German measles virus, it can be transmitted through contact with nasopharyngeal secretions of infected patients. The incubation period is about 14 to 17 days, and you can be contagious from 1 week before the rash to at least 4 days after the rash.
prevention methods
Natural infection or vaccination can produce permanent immunity. Mothers can be vaccinated during pregnancy. Babies born to immune mothers will be protected by the mother’s antibodies for about 6 to 9 months. Children aged 12 months and above and in the first grade of elementary school should be vaccinated with one dose of measles, mumps, and rubbish mixed vaccine. Measles vaccine is an active attenuated vaccine. Nearly 98% to 99% of susceptible hosts can produce obvious symptoms through vaccination. antibody response.
Identifying baby rashes│German measles
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
4. Roseola
Because of its rose-colored rash, it is named roseola. A high fever reaching 40°C will last for 3 to 4 days, accompanied by subtle respiratory symptoms and diarrhea, and the lymph nodes in the neck or behind the ears will begin to become red and swollen. Because the sick baby is very young, has a high temperature rise, and has no obvious symptoms, people often worry about the possibility of sepsis. However, most of these sick children are in good spirits and vitality after taking medicine to reduce their fever. Experienced doctors can often predict that it may be infantile roseola based on these characteristics. After the fever subsides, erythema or slightly swollen pimples will appear on the face and trunk, and the limbs will be milder and will not feel itchy. No special treatment is required, but there is a risk of infection, so be careful.
In addition to the patient’s young age, high fever, and high vitality, “the rash only appears after the fever subsides” is also a key point in diagnosis, because rashes from other infectious diseases almost always appear when the fever reaches its highest level. An initial roseola attack can easily be mistaken for drug allergy or other viral rashes, and a comprehensive judgment must be made based on the characteristics.
Cause
It is caused by viral infection, with human herpes virus types 6 and 7 being the most common. Since babies within 6 months of birth have antibody protection from their mothers, they are less likely to get the disease. However, when babies are 6 months old, After that, the chance of developing the disease increases with age, and it mostly occurs in infants and young children aged 6 months to 2 and a half years old. The incubation period is about 5 to 15 days.
prevention methods
Roseola may occur throughout the year, but is most likely to occur in spring and autumn, so special attention should be paid. The main route of infection is droplet infection. The virus is mostly in the saliva of healthy adults and enters the bodies of infants and young children through the oral cavity, nasal cavity or conjunctival mucosa, and then causes disease. It is rarely transmitted through contact, so it is not likely to cause a pandemic.
How to identify baby rashes│roseola
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
5. Enterovirus
Enteroviruses such as “herpetic angina” and “hand, mouth and foot disease” are the most common typical symptoms. Children with herpetic pharyngitis usually have fever and blisters and ulcers in the back of the mouth. Older children usually have sore throats. , small children tend to refuse to eat. The ulcer lasts about 1 week. Children with hand, mouth, and foot disease have slightly raised red rashes on the palms of their hands, soles of feet, and sometimes around elbows, knees, or buttocks. Most of the rashes have small blisters at the top. Among them, enterovirus 71 has smaller rashes that require careful observation. Most of the rashes are not visible. Itchiness, no scabbing, and ulcers may occur in the mouth.
The epidemic of enterovirus has been at its peak recently, so many parents will seek medical attention nervously because their babies have red rashes on their hands or feet. In fact, most enteroviruses are benign and can be cured naturally, and supportive treatment is enough. Can. Complications in many more serious cases include encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, which require close observation.
Cause
A total of more than 60 viruses have been discovered so far, including type 23 Coxsackie virus group A, type 6 Coxsackie virus group B, type 3 poliovirus, type 31 Echovirus, and the last discovered enterovirus types 68 to 71. Enterovirus may cause a variety of diseases, with an incubation period of about 3 to 5 days. Some may only have fever or are similar to a common cold, and sometimes they may have special clinical manifestations.
prevention methods
There is no vaccine that can be developed to deal with it, and usually, if you get enterovirus once, you cannot be completely immune to other types of viruses. Because different virus types can be prevalent in the same year, your baby may get it 2 to 3 times a year. Enterovirus infection. Enterovirus is transmitted through droplets, such as oral and nasal secretions produced when sneezing, coughing, or feces. Therefore, protective measures such as frequent hand washing and wearing a mask are encouraged.
The clinical symptoms of enterovirus are specially compiled for your reference!
Common clinical symptoms of enterovirus
herpangina
Characterized by sudden onset of fever, vomiting, and small blisters or ulcers in the isthmus
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Characterized by fever and small blisters on the body
Acute myocarditis in infants and pericarditis in adults
Characterized by sudden onset of dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis, and vomiting
Epidemic myalgia
Characterized by sudden, paroxysmal pain in the chest that lasts from minutes to hours
acute lymphadenitis
Characterized by fever, headache, sore throat, and distinct white lesions on the uvula and posterior pharyngeal wall
Neonatal enterovirus infection
Initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, decreased activity, restlessness, skin rash, diarrhea or vomiting, etc. When the disease progresses seriously, it can lead to abnormal coagulation, myocarditis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and neonatal sepsis.
Enterovirus prevention methods
Wash your hands frequently and develop good personal hygiene habits.
Eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately and get enough sleep to enhance your immunity.
When you are sick, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible and take time off to rest at home.
Pay attention to the hygiene, cleanliness and ventilation of the home environment.
During the epidemic, avoid going in and out of crowded public places with poor ventilation.
Try not to have contact with suspected patients, especially pregnant women, newborns and young children.
Newborns and infants can feed more breast milk to improve their immunity.
Wash your hands before touching or feeding a newborn, be sure to change clothes and wear a mask if necessary;
Persons other than the mother or primary caregiver should avoid contact with the newborn.
Caregivers or contacts of young children should pay special attention to personal hygiene.
Children’s toys (especially furry toys) should be cleaned and disinfected frequently.
Identifying baby rash│Enterovirus
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
6. Scarlet Fever
The three major clinical symptoms are “pharyngitis”, “high fever” and “skin rash”, sometimes accompanied by headache, vomiting, abdominal pain and other symptoms. At this time, the baby is easily misdiagnosed as a common cold or gastroenteritis. After 1 to 2 days, A diffuse red dot-like rash begins on the neck and spreads downward to the trunk and limbs. The rash sometimes feels slightly itchy and the skin feels a little rough to the touch, especially on the neck, armpits, groin, etc. The rash is more obvious in the wrinkles. Generally speaking, the affected area is very itchy. After 2 to 3 days, a bright red rash like a strawberry will appear on the tongue. The rash will begin to subside in about 3 to 4 days, and the skin will begin to peel. , but will not leave scars.
Symptoms other than skin include sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, strawberry tongue and whitening around the mouth. In the first two days of the onset of the disease, the tongue is covered with a layer of white secretions with red and swollen papillae scattered in the middle, which is called “white strawberry tongue.” On the fourth day of the onset, the white secretions fall off and the tongue becomes red and shiny. , called “red strawberry tongue.” It may cause complications such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, bone or joint problems, etc.
Cause
Mainly infected with Group A Streptococcus, and children under 10 years old are a high-risk group. Group A Streptococcus can survive in the mouth, throat and nose of patients and is spread through droplets or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions. The incubation period is about 1 to 3 days. Pharyngitis, fever, headache, vomiting, etc. will appear initially. After 1 to 2 days, a red dot-like rash will begin to appear. Generally speaking, the rash will begin to subside in about 3 to 4 days, and there will be Peeling may last from 1 week to 1 month.
prevention methods
There is currently no vaccine to prevent scarlet fever, but maintaining good personal and environmental hygiene can reduce the chance of infection. When your hands are contaminated by oral and nasal secretions, you should wash your hands immediately with detergent and avoid sharing personal items with others. If an infection is already present, antibiotics are effective in treating scarlet fever. If symptoms of scarlet fever occur, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible, take antibiotics and antipyretics according to the doctor’s instructions, and get plenty of rest and rehydration to help relieve symptoms.
How to identify baby rash│Scarlet Fever
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
Part 2. Baby rash care
How to deal with your baby’s rash
Common causes of skin rashes in babies. The rash pattern and associated symptoms are not typical for everyone. However, if it is just a simple rash without other uncomfortable symptoms, the child’s energy will be normal, and mothers can observe by themselves first.
- Check if rash is caused by fever
First, you should measure your baby’s temperature to confirm whether the rash is caused by a fever. Because sometimes a rash may appear when you have a fever. - Check the status of rash all over the body
If symptoms of rash appear, you should first take off all the baby’s clothes, starting from the head, to the ears, mouth, body, and legs, and confirm the status of the rash all over the body one by one, because this is the first step to find out the cause.
Important clues to the cause of the rash can explain the situation to the doctor during diagnosis and treatment and help with treatment.
How to relieve itching symptoms of rash?
Dr. Lin Hongqian said that first of all, mothers must first identify the possible causes of itching, such as the six most common diseases associated with rash symptoms, contact allergies, itching caused by food allergies, itching caused by drug allergies, and dry skin. Cause itching, sweat rash, itching, etc. Baby’s skin is delicate and is more susceptible to the influence of external environment and allergens, so it will also have various itching symptoms.
However, parents should be reminded that there are many causes of itchy skin. If the itching symptoms persist, it is still recommended to seek medical help from a professional physician. In addition, before seeking medical treatment, parents must carefully observe the behavior of the child’s skin when itching. If any skin symptoms appear, For rash, mommy must remember the appearance of the rash or take a photo to provide the doctor with reference, because the appearance of the rash often changes over time.
How to relieve itching symptoms? Dr. Lin Hongqian explained that since the itching feeling will be worsened by the increase in body temperature, “lowering the temperature of the skin surface” can help relieve the itching. You can cool it with moderate cold water. If there is no wound, it is recommended to wash it with cold water or Apply ice to the itchy area with a layer of towel, or use prickly heat water or prickly heat cream to reduce the itching feeling.
In addition, mothers should also reduce the amount of activity of the baby, because rising body temperature and sweating will aggravate the itching sensation. It is best for moms not to apply adult anti-itch ointments on their babies. After all, babies’ skin is different from adults’. Commonly used cooling ointments often contain ingredients such as mint. In clinical practice, it is also occasionally encountered that the use of ointments to relieve itching may actually cause allergies. , pay special attention to it!
How to identify baby rash│itch│skin
(Identification, diagnosis and treatment of baby rash. Photo/shutterstock)
Which rash conditions require urgent medical attention?
Skin rashes usually do not require an urgent visit to the hospital. Unless it is a sudden urticaria that causes the baby to be itchy and unable to sleep, then he needs to go to the hospital and get injections to relieve the itching. However, if the skin rash is combined with other physical symptoms, such as Fever, stomachache, joint pain, sore throat, congested and red eye mucous membranes, loss of appetite, general fatigue, constant crying, skin rash with blisters or even blisters and broken skin, it may be chickenpox or severe drug allergy Wait, you need medical attention as soon as possible!
Drugs used to treat skin rashes and itching include “steroids” and “antihistamines.” Professional dermatologists or pediatricians will give the most appropriate treatment based on the baby’s clinical symptoms. Many parents have a stereotype about steroid drugs and think that after taking them, There will be side effects such as moony face and thinning of the skin. In fact, this is an old concept left behind by early use without a doctor’s prescription!
At present, topical or oral steroids are still the most effective and safest drugs. In particular, most diseases can be relieved with short-term, low-dose steroids. The doctor will give an appropriate dose according to the baby’s weight. After the disease improves, the patient can be relieved. The dose will be reduced or discontinued, and there will be almost no adverse reactions. However, if parents use it for a long time without following the doctor’s prescription, side effects may occur!
Do medicines used to treat rashes have side effects?
In addition, antihistamines are also relatively safe drugs. They are mainly divided into long-acting and short-acting antihistamines. Long-acting antihistamines are taken 1 to 2 times a day and are less likely to cause drowsiness. Short-acting antihistamines are taken 3 to 4 times and are more likely to cause drowsiness. For sleepiness, doctors often combine long-acting and short-acting antihistamines for simultaneous treatment. For example, taking the long-acting type during the day will prevent drowsiness, and taking the short-acting type before going to bed can reduce the inability to sleep due to itching. Professional doctors will give the baby the most appropriate Antihistamines are definitely beneficial to the condition.
In clinical practice, it is often seen that parents delay seeking medical treatment because they are overly afraid of the side effects of drugs, causing children to scratch their skin due to unbearable itching, causing cellulitis, which requires more drug treatment in the future, but makes the baby uncomfortable for longer, remind parents. , when your baby’s body or skin has abnormalities, you should seek help from a professional doctor to shorten the course of the disease and help your baby recover early!
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Further reading
．Enterovirus will definitely cause diarrhea, will you be immune after getting it once?Analysis of common myths about enterovirus, key points of observation and care at each stage
．Enterovirus will heal quickly if you eat these 4 characteristic foods!Winter melon tea and pudding are on the yogurt list and are not recommended to be eaten.
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