2020-03-09 10:32:28
Kidney function is essential for the functioning of our body. We’re talking aboutrenal failure when the kidneys no longer work properly, they do not eliminate waste from the body well and cannot balance the different substances in the body either: water, salt, potassium, calcium…
It exists multiple levels of kidney failurespecifies Dr. Decourt, nephrologist, and the only way to know if one suffers from this pathology is to realize a blood test with a creatinine dosage or a urinalysis with protein assay.
Kidney failure and diet: which foods to restrict?
L’western food East too high in salt et too low in fiber. It is therefore necessary to modify its food hygiene to preserve its kidneys. Here are the foods to limit on a daily basis.
- Salt : “its consumption must not exceed 6g per day “, specifies the nephrologist, because salt promotes the appearance of hypertension which plays a role in kidney disease. We therefore do not add salt to our dishes, and we think of replace it with spices, aromatic herbs, condiments as flavor enhancers. You should know that it is difficult to quantify your daily salt intake, says the doctor. But, just a loaf of bread already contains 4 g. » ;
- The cold cuts : “although since the 2000s, manufacturers of cold cuts have reduced the salt content by 10 to 15%, “it is better to consume it as little as possible “, advises Dr. Decourt. For information, a slice of 30 g of rindless, defatted dry ham contains 1.6 g of salt; 5 slices of dry sausage, i.e. 30 g, provide 1.4 g; 1 slice of 45 g of superior cooked ham contains 0.7 g; a portion of 40 g of country pâté: 0.76 g; 1 Strasbourg sausage 35 g, 0.7 g; and a portion of 40 g of rillettes 0.5 g;
- Smoked fish also contain high salt content. The ten saltiest fish and shellfish whose consumption should be restricted as much as possible are: salt cod, salt mackerel, clams, shrimp, cuttlefish, spider crab, scallops, anchovies, herring, American lobster;
- The alcohol is also to be consumed in moderation ” because he increases blood pressurewhich can have repercussions on the kidneys”, specifies Dr Decourt;
- processed products : preserves, prepared meals, appetizer biscuits, industrial sauces and soups… should also be avoided as much as possible.
In addition to salt, limit excess phosphorus and potassium
In kidney failure, the blood is not properly cleared of phosphorus too much. “However, high blood phosphorus and calcium levels can also lead to calcium deposits in the vessels, the lungs, the eyes and even the heart”, explains the Kidney Foundation (source 1).
Patients with renal insufficiency should therefore « limit food sources high in highly available phosphorus such as offal, sardines, pulses, beer, milk, cheeses, chocolate. Don’t eat too much cheese.” recommends the Foundation.
Avoid fruits rich in potassium (banana, peach, plum, apricot, etc.)
« The potassium is an essential mineral, but it can rise in the blood in case of renal insufficiency and become dangerous for the heart when its level is very excessive”, says the Kidney Foundation. ” It is imperative avoid fruits rich in potassium, especially when they have a large core, such as peaches, plums and prunes, apricots, mangoes, but also bananas, kiwis and dried fruits… For vegetables, limit or avoid pulses such as red or white beans, but also avocado, potatoes and sweet potatoes”.
Also limit your consumption of animal protein
In case of renal insufficiency, it is advisable to limit animal protein intake. “When you have kidney failure, you shouldn’t not exceed 0.6 g to a maximum of 0.8 g of animal protein per day and per kilo of body weight”, specifies the nephrologist, “so as not to overload the kidneys with nitrogenous waste such as urea. A greater restriction may be proposed by the nephrologist during stages 4 and 5 of the disease, on the condition of supplementing the essential amino acids that the body does not know how to manufacture”.
- A 120g chicken cutlet provides 32g of protein;
- A 100g minced steak, 26g protein;
- A slice of ham of 40 g, 10 g of protein;
- A 150g portion of fresh salmon, 34g of protein;
- A yogurt, 5 g of protein;
- A portion of camembert of 30 g, 6 g of protein.
We favor the vegetable proteins. “We can also become vegetarian and complete with synthetic proteins,” says the specialist.
Examples of vegetable proteins to favor for the kidneys
“Plants also have the advantage of being alcalinisant, when the meats are rather acidifying. THE legumes such as soybeans are an interesting source of vegetable protein, but must sometimes be limited if phosphorus and potassium levels are high. Cereals and pasta are another good source of protein,” adds the Kidney Foundation.
What foods are good for the kidneys?
” In case of’renal failurewe are moving towards a DASH-like diet,” recommends the nephrologist.
The latter advises to consume 8 to 10 fruits and vegetables per day, 6 to 8 cereal products, seeds and legumes 4 to 5 times per week, fish, white meat or poultry 2 times per day maximum just like fats, and sweets only occasionally.
In terms of cooking method, “we favor the boilingin foil or at the steam “, suggests the doctor. Fried foods are avoided.
What to drink in case of kidney failure?
” We drink spring or mineral water with low mineral content. The use oftap water is completely suitable, very economical and avoids the consumption of plastic bottles that are harmful to the environment,” recalls Dr. Decourt. Among the least mineralized, we find:
- Mont Blanc;
- Queen’s Dew;
- Mount Roucous;
- Evian;
- Crystal clear.
« In stage 3 and more of kidney failureit may be interesting, on the advice of your doctor only, to turn to a bicarbonate water in order to alkalize the body”, specifies the nephrologist. Among the carbonated mineralized waters, we find Vichy Célestins, Saint-Yorre, Arvie, Contrex, Hepar. “However, beware of the salt intake provided by these waters”, warns the nephrologist.
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