2023-07-18 07:00:00
Loss of the Y chromosome is observed in several types of cancer, including 10 to 40% of bladder cancers. Joana Campos Meteored Portugal 18/07/2023 09:00 5 min
Over the past decades, the number of cancers diagnosed in Spain has increased. According to the annual report published by redecanthis may be due to the aging of the population, but also exposure to risk factors and even early detection.
Early diagnosis increases the number of cases, but can make a big difference in treatment. In 2023, the number of diagnosed cases is expected to reach 279,260, which represents a stabilization compared to the previous year.
Studies show that men have a higher risk of cancer than women, 41% versus almost 28%, according to the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) in 2022, and that they also die more often from the disease.
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So far, this was thought to be due to the fact that women generally have better lifestyle habits, with a lower rate of substance use such as tobacco and alcohol, but it seems that there are other causes.
The importance of the Y chromosome
The Y chromosome plays a key role in sex determination, by containing the gene that initiates the development of male sex organs, but it is usually not essential for cell survival.
With age, many people with this chromosome gradually lose it in some of their cells, which has been associated with a shorter life expectancy.
A study recently conducted by researchers from the Cedars-Sinai Cancer Centerpublished in the journal Nature, showed that loss of the Y chromosome can make some bladder and colorectal tumors more aggressive. This study establishes, for the first time, the link between chromosome loss and the immune response.
Researchers have found that when cells lose the Y chromosome, they deplete the lymphocytes, or T cells, which are responsible for fighting the tumour. According to Dan Theodorescu, director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer, this causes aggressive tumor growth.
The loss of the Y chromosome during life can lead to a whole series of health complications.
The team also found that while loss of the Y chromosome makes tumors more aggressive, they also respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors, a specific type of immunotherapy commonly used for this type of tumour, which makes T cells capable of destroying tumor cells.
According to the researchers, this study and its results can help plan the most effective treatments in the future. Genetic analysis makes it possible to detect the loss of this chromosome and thus to personalize the treatment of male patients with bladder cancer.
Risks of Y chromosome loss
The loss of the Y chromosome in humans could not only be responsible for the increased aggressiveness of bladder cancer, but it is also associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers from theuniversity of virginia and of theuppsala university studied the direct damage that the loss of chromosomes can cause in the body.
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They concluded that an increased loss of chromosomes increases the risk of dying from heart failure or other cardiovascular diseases, because it promotes the deterioration of cardiac function and the development of fibrosis which, over time, can be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
This factor, along with other social, environmental and biological factors, may explain why women have a longer life expectancy than men.
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