2024-03-12 23:55:55
1569: The Huguenot leader Louis of Bourbon, Prince of Condé, is murdered after his capture following the Battle of Jarnac.
1809: After the loss of Finland to Russia, the Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf is arrested by conspirators. (In June, his uncle, Prince Karl August of Holstein-Gottorp, is enthroned as Charles XIII.)
1829: First “constituent” general meeting of the stock corporation “First Austrian kk privileged Danube steamship company”. In 1828, the British John Andrews and Joseph Pritchard were granted a privilege to build steamships for the Danube.
1839: By edict of Emperor Daoguang (Tao Kuang), the import of opium is banned in China. The measure leads to the Anglo-Chinese Opium War (1840-42). In the Peace of Nanking, the Chinese court had to lease Hong Kong to England, open several ports for trade, and grant privileges to British merchants and missionaries.
1849: Prime Minister Prince Schwarzenberg calls for the entire Austrian imperial state to join the new German confederation.
1849: Emperor Franz Joseph issues a patent against the “abuse of the press”, which imposes significant restrictions on press products without reintroducing the censorship regulations of the Metternich era.
1899: The left-wing politician Émile Loubet is elected French President. He succeeds Félix Faure, who died in office.
1924: The German President Friedrich Ebert dissolves the first Reichstag of the Weimar Republic, the majority of which opposes the government’s measures to combat inflation.
1934: In Estonia, Prime Minister Konstantin Päts establishes an authoritarian regime after changing the constitution.
1939: Hitler threatened the Slovaks that if they did not quickly separate from Prague, he would give Hungary a “free hand” in Slovakia.
1954: In Vietnam, fighting begins for the French-held jungle fortress of Dien Bien Phu, which is taken by Viet Minh units under General Vo Nguyen Giap in May after a 56-day siege.
1959: The National Council decides to dissolve it early and to hold new elections in May.
1979: The European Monetary System (EMS) comes into force. The currencies of the EC states – with the exception of the British pound – are linked to one another within narrow fluctuation ranges with fixed exchange rates.
1994: In Israel, the far-right, fanatically anti-Arab Kach movement is banned after justifying the Hebron massacre. The Jewish settler Baruch Goldstein, who shot thirty Muslim Palestinians at prayer in late February, was a Kach member. The organization was founded by the rabbi and former member of parliament Meir Kahane, who was murdered in New York in 1990.
1994: In the state elections in Lower Saxony, the Social Democrats under Prime Minister Gerhard Schröder won an absolute majority in the German state’s parliament.
1999: In Istanbul, 13 people die in an arson attack attributed to Kurdish extremists on a shopping center.
2004: In Vienna, Archbishop Cardinal Franz König dies at the age of 99. He led the Vienna Archdiocese from 1956 to 1985 and was one of the leading figures in the universal church and one of the pioneers of ecumenism.
2014: In a repeat of the trial against former Interior Minister Ernst Strasser, he was sentenced to three and a half years of unconditional imprisonment. He fell into a trap for British journalists disguised as lobbyists and offered them his services as an EU parliamentarian. On appeal, the OGH reduced the sentence to three years in October. Strasser begins prison in November.
Birthdays: Oskar Loerke, German poet (1884-1941); René Dumont, French agricultural expert, pioneer of the Green movement (1904-2001); Kumi Sugai, Japanese painter (1919-1996); Zbigniew Messner, Polish politician (1929-2014); Gert Haucke, German actor and author (1929-2008); Chris Roberts, German singer (1944-2017); Julia Migenes, US singer (according to other sources 1943; 1949).
Days of death: Johann Friedrich Böttger, German chemist and inventor (porcelain in Europe) (1682-1719); Beat Fidel Zurlauben, black. scholar (1720-1799); Heinrich Mädler, German astronomer (1794-1874); Cardinal Franz König, 1956-1985 Archbishop of Vienna (1905-2004); Per Hækkerup, Danish. politician (1915-1979); Carl Dahlhaus, German musicologist (1928-1989).
Name days: Judith, Maximilian, Paulina, Sancha, Roderich, Rosina, Ernst, Leander, Hortense, Gerald, Christina.
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