2024-02-28 06:59:24
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Chen Yuxin, director of the Department of Cytology and attending physician of the Department of Metabolism at Cathay General Hospital, said that sugars in food can also be called carbohydrates and are mainly divided into three types, including: sugar, starch, and fiber. According to different structures, they can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Simply put, sugars refer to all carbohydrates and belong to polysaccharides, while sugars refer to sugars with sweet taste.
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Sugars are composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Monosaccharides are the smallest units of sugars, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose; disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide molecules. The most common ones are sucrose, Lactose, maltose; oligosaccharides are composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharides, and there are sugar substitutes such as fructooligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides; polysaccharides are composed of more than 10 monosaccharides, such as starch, glycogen, fiber and Dextrin etc.
Chen Yuxin emphasized that whether it is sugar or sugar, it will be decomposed by digestive organs such as the intestines and pancreas, and eventually converted into glucose, which will be transported to various tissues and organs throughout the body through blood circulation, providing the energy needed for human activities.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
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Chen Yuxin explained that once you regularly consume too much food, especially high-refined starch and sugary foods such as biscuits, cakes, and alcohol, it is easy for the blood to maintain a high blood sugar state for a long time, which will cause the pancreas to continuously secrete insulin until the pancreas When the liver is unable to load, it will cause insufficient secretion of the pancreas, causing the blood glucose concentration to remain high.
Another situation is that the body’s endocrine disorders produce insulin resistance. Although insulin secretion is sufficient, the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin decreases, resulting in insulin being unable to fully function. A larger amount of insulin must be used to achieve the same effect.
The liver continues to produce glucose, but the uptake and utilization of glucose is reduced; instead, blood sugar rises after eating, and hyperglycemia cannot be reduced within a normal period of time, especially in patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Chen Yuxin emphasized that the causes of type 2 diabetes are insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. According to literature statistics, when diabetes is diagnosed, the pancreas has lost more than 50% of its insulin secretion function and cannot secrete enough insulin.
3 more and 1 less symptoms, upper body diabetes
According to domestic surveys, nearly 40% of people with diabetes do not know they have diabetes until they develop the typical symptoms of eating more, drinking more, urinating more, and losing weight, or seek medical treatment for itchy skin, numbness of hands and feet, impotence, poor wound healing, etc. I just found out I have diabetes.
According to research, 45 to 55% of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes have suffered from hypertension or dyslipidemia one year before the onset of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin of patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Helps in early detection of diabetes.
Chen Yuxin pointed out that the standard blood sugar value for ordinary people is fasting blood sugar 70-100 mg/dl, and glycated hemoglobin between 4.0-6.0%. Under normal circumstances, after eating, blood sugar will gradually rise as the glucose in the blood increases. At this time, the pancreatic beta cells will begin to secrete insulin to suppress the sugar in the blood, causing the blood sugar to drop accordingly.
Insulin is the only hormone that can lower blood sugar. With normal pancreatic function, it will secrete 0.5 to 1 unit of insulin every hour to stabilize blood sugar. During meals, it will secrete 5 to 10 units of insulin to balance blood sugar, depending on the blood sugar concentration. If insulin is not secreted enough, glucose in the blood cannot enter the cells smoothly, and the body will be in a state of high blood sugar for a long time, which will evolve into diabetes.
Chen Yuxin said that the main characteristic of diabetes is high blood glucose concentration. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are based on blood tests and clinical symptoms, including: glycated hemoglobin greater than 6.5%, or fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dL, or oral glucose tolerance. The blood sugar is greater than 200 mg/dL in the second hour of the test, as long as more than two of the above three tests are met, or more than one of the three symptoms of diabetes occurs, and the random blood sugar is greater than 200 mg/dL.
(Picture source: Dreamstime/Dianjiang Image)
Further reading:
。Will drinking water and breathing make me fat? Netizens voted for 5 causes of metabolic syndrome. Which one do you choose?
。If you don’t like sweets but like salty foods, you shouldn’t get diabetes? But it will increase the risk of 1 disease.
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