2023-11-04 16:43:00
The production and reproduction of social inequalities via the school system is not new. In the 1960s, the observation was made: student results were systematically correlated with the social origin of these students. In sociology, the French Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron talk about it in two essential works that are still taught to students today: “The heirs” (1964) et “The reproduction” (1970).
“The problem remains relevant despite more than 50 years of policies here aimed at reducing these inequalities, explains sociologist and member of GIRSEF Hugues Draelants, co-author of the study School: 30 years of unfinished reforms?. This observation is observed both in primary classes and in secondary and higher education, particularly via PISA surveys (surveys carried out every 3 years to evaluate education at the international level)”.
Among the policies which sought to limit inequalities between students, there was renovated teaching. The idea was to treat all students in the same way, to bring them together in the “same school”, the same structure. According to Hugues Draelants: “We realized quite quickly that this was not the case..”
Subsequently, other policies tried to tackle these inequalities. “In particular by applying positive discrimination, that is to say giving more resources to schools which concentrate a population of disadvantaged social origins. There was also the Missions decreethe attempt to fight against repetition“.
These policies, even if they have helped to reduce inequalities and extend schooling, fail to produce the desired effects. In the show “Kevin”, the actors discuss various strategies used by advantaged families so that their child can attend a “good school”. Even if today the “Registration” decree is in force, even if there is no longer a privilege to have access to a specific school, some parents are more informed than others about the school offerings.
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