2023-10-27 06:23:00
The intestinal microbiota contains more than 50,000 bacteria.
The microbiota, also called microbial flora, is a large and complex set of microorganisms present in our body. They play an essential role in our health, well-being and daily functioning. This microscopic world, essential for our physiological balance, is attracting more and more interest and research. Focus on these microorganisms.
What is the microbiota?
The microbiota is made up of a set of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, but also viruses, fungi and archaea, which coexist in harmony with our body. These microorganisms colonize different sites in our body, such as the skin, the digestive system, the respiratory tract, and even the genitourinary system.
The main purpose of microbiota, whether vaginal, intestinal oropharyngeal or even cutaneous, is to protect our body from infections.
The intestinal microbiota: at the heart of our health
The intestinal microbiota, often called intestinal flora, is a complex ecosystem made up of billions of microorganisms that reside in our digestive tract. This microscopic world plays a fundamental role in our health, our digestion, our immune system and much more. The intestinal microbiota is at the heart of research: discovering and understanding this microbiota is a major advance in the science of biology and health.
A barrier against infections…
In the case of the gut microbiota, microorganisms reside primarily in the large intestine (colon) and form a diverse community, the composition of which can vary from person to person.
The gut microbiota fulfills various roles crucial to our health and well-being. First of all, it actively participates in the digestion and absorption of nutrients contained in non-digestible foods, such as fiber, by producing beneficial compounds and essential vitamins for our body.
In addition, by colonizing the intestine, the microbiota limits the space and resources available to pathogenic bacteria (unwanted bacteria), thus improving protection against intestinal infections. It also plays a role in the maturation and regulation of the immune system, promoting an adequate immune response and helping to prevent autoimmune diseases.
The intestinal microbiota exerts an influence on metabolism, body weight and insulin resistance: imbalances in the microbiota can therefore be linked to metabolic problems and diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Recent research explores the link between the gut microbiota and mental health, shedding light on the gut-brain axis and how gut microorganisms can influence our brains and emotions
How to preserve it?
To maintain a balanced intestinal microbiota, it is necessary to have an impeccable lifestyle. First of all, our diet has a significant impact on these microorganisms. A diet rich in fiber, vegetables and fruits promotes a healthy microbiota. In addition, taking antibiotics and certain medications can temporarily alter its composition by eliminating bacteria, both good and bad. Lifestyle, exercise, stress levels, sleep and other lifestyle habits also influence the gut microbiota. Finally, the mode of birth (vaginal or cesarean) and the type of feeding (breastfeeding or artificial feeding) in the early stages of life can shape the gut microbiota.
Do not hesitate to consult a health professional in case of persistent gastrointestinal problems.
An intimate microbiota: the vaginal microbiota
The vaginal microbiota, also known as vaginal flora, is a complex system of microorganisms that inhabit women’s vaginas. This ecosystem plays a vital role in preserving genital health, preventing infections and maintaining the physiological balance of the female reproductive system.
Composed mainly of bacteria, the vaginal microbiota can also include fungi, viruses and other microorganisms. Its composition varies from one woman to another, but it is generally dominated by Lactobacilli.
An ally not to be neglected
The vaginal microbiota performs various functions crucial for women’s health and well-being. Firstly, it contributes to the maintenance of vaginal acidity thanks to the production of lactic acid by the Lactobacilli present in the vaginal microbiota, which lowers the pH of the vagina and maintains it at a slightly acidic level, around pH 3, 5 to 4.5. This creates an unfavorable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, helping to prevent infections (bacterial infections, yeast infections and STIs).
Furthermore, the vaginal microbiota can influence hormone levels, thus contributing to the maintenance of a regular menstrual cycle and the regulation of hormones linked to fertility.
Favor gentle products
To maintain a healthy vaginal microbiota, it is recommended to follow certain best practices. It is essential to avoid douching and irritating products, limiting the use of aggressive intimate hygiene products and favoring gentle, fragrance-free products. In addition, adopting a balanced diet, rich in fiber and probiotics, can help maintain a balanced vaginal microbiota.
The skin microbiota, for healthy skin
Our skin, the largest organ in our body, is home to a fascinating microscopic world known as the skin microbiota.
Bacteria are the predominant components of the skin microbiota. These microorganisms are distributed on the surface of the skin and in its upper layers.
Less bacteria: goodbye to acne and eczema
The skin microbiota influences the pH of the skin by producing acids which create an unfavorable environment for the growth of unwanted bacteria. A balanced pH is essential for maintaining healthy skin. The skin microbiota can also influence skin diseases, such as eczema, psoriasis and acne: the balance of the microbiota can thus play a role in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
In this case, how can we maintain a healthy skin microbiota?
First of all, hygiene and cleaning of the skin play a more than important role in the balance of the microbiota. The use of harsh skin products, excessive hygiene or frequent cleaning can disrupt this balance. Likewise, place of residence, climate and exposure to different environmental conditions can affect the composition of the skin microbiota. Diet and lifestyle are also determining factors: a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle can positively influence this microorganism.
Using products that are gentle on the skin, such as gentle cleansers without irritating substances, will therefore be essential to preserve the balance of skin micro-organisms. Avoiding over-cleaning is also essential, so as not to disrupt the microbiota through excessive washing. In the event of persistent skin problems, it is important to consult a dermatologist who can recommend suitable treatments.
Throat infection: the oropharyngeal microbiota protects you
The oropharyngeal microbiota, also called the throat microbiota or ENT microbiota, is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that reside in the throat and mouth region.
The oropharyngeal microbiota is composed of a great diversity of microorganisms. Bacteria are the most predominant and diverse components of this microbiota.
Less common respiratory infections
Each individual has a unique oropharyngeal microbiota that varies depending on several factors, including age, diet, lifestyle and general health. The oropharyngeal microbiota plays a crucial role in acting as a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms in the throat, thereby preventing respiratory infections and other conditions: these microorganisms interact with our immune system, triggering adequate responses against invaders .
A healthy oropharyngeal microbiota is therefore essential to prevent upper respiratory infections and contribute to a healthy respiratory system.
Pay attention to oral hygiene!
To promote the balance of this microbiota, several factors can tip the balance. Oral hygiene habits, such as brushing your teeth and using mouthwash, can vary its composition: adopt a balanced diet, rich in vegetables, fruits and fermented foods. Likewise, diet, particularly the consumption of sugar and fermented foods, can play a role. The environment in which a person lives, including their exposure to different types of microbes, can also influence the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota. Additionally, recurrent infections or illnesses can temporarily alter this microbiota. It is also crucial to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as these habits can disrupt the balance of the oropharyngeal microbiota.
There are several types of microbiota, although all fundamentally share similar functions. Being essential to our balance, it is imperative to ensure their well-being and adjust our lifestyle accordingly.
TO KNOW
Microbiota are also present in the mucous membranes (tongues, gums) and in the lungs.
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