2024-03-25 17:31:00
In the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) of the European Conseil for Research Nucléaire (CERN), scientists have measured a disturbing four-dimensional resonance structure. This structure in phase space influences particle trajectories and represents a challenge in particle research. Giuliano Franchetti and his team from the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt quantified the phenomenon and revealed not only the complexity of this “4D mind” but also its effects particle accelerator.
Resonance in the particle accelerator
The researchers tracked 3,000 beams with beam position monitors to map the resonance and improve understanding of particle behavior. “What happens with these resonances is that the particles don’t take exactly the path we want and then they fly away and get lost,” Frachetti explained in a CERN press release. “This leads to beam degradation and makes it difficult to achieve the required beam parameters.”
imagine that resonance like the swing of a swing: if you hit it at the perfect moment, the swing swings higher. In the world of particle accelerators, something similar happens with tiny particles. When certain conditions – such as the forces generated by magnets – exactly match the “vibration” of the particles, they increase their motion. However, this synchronization can cause problems because it can divert the particles from their planned path. In this context, researchers speak of resonance when the vibrations within the accelerator are precisely tuned in such a way that they unintentionally amplify the particles or direct them in an undesirable direction.
In accelerators, resonance leads to misalignment and beam degradation due to magnetic field imperfections. Previously, two degrees of freedom were used to model particle movement, but the new resonance requires four. Franchetti’s team is making significant advances in accelerator physics and calling for a rethink through multidimensional particle dynamics models.
Practice proves theory
Through detailed measurements and computer simulations, the team gained new insights into resonance effects and their effects on particles. Research offers approaches to reducing beam degradation and increasing the performance of accelerators. By understanding the 4D mind, they develop counteraction theories that enable more precise experiments.
“The special thing about our latest results is that they show how individual particles behave in a coupled resonance,” explains CERN physicist Hannes Bartosik. Along with Franchetti, he was also the youngest publication of the results in Nature Physics. “We can show that the experimental results agree with what was predicted based on theory and simulation.”
The work highlights the complexity of particle motion and the need to consider all degrees of freedom. This project demonstrates the importance of collaborative research and advanced technology to decipher the quantum world. By mapping the 4D resonance structure, CERNS researchers are taking a decisive step towards solving problems in particle accelerators.
Quellen: „Observation of fixed lines induced by a nonlinear resonance in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron“ (Nature Physics, 2024); CERN
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