2023-06-13 18:20:06
The Ariane 5 launcher bows out this Friday, June 16 as part of its final mission. This last flight is an opportunity to look back on the eight dates that have marked the history of this emblematic launcher.
In its 27-year career, Ariane 5 has posted very positive results. The pitcher has accumulated 116 shots, including 111 successes, for only 2 failures, and 3 partial failures. Son reliability rate, currently 98.4%, is the best on the market. A look back at the eight emblematic missions that have contributed to the influence of the flagship of the European Space Agency (ESA).
These eight missions are highlighted by the National Center for Space Studies (CNES).
For his 1time scientific mission, Ariane 5 is to carry the largest scientific satellite ever built in Europe. XMN-Newton, 3800 kg and still active today, is dedicated to the observation of X-rays of the Universe. The observation of these rays makes it possible to determine the presence of stars, black holes, hot gases from interstellar environments or galaxies.
After eight years devoted to putting telecommunications satellites into orbit, Ariane 5 changes register. In 2004, the Rosetta probe left Earth for an ten-year journey to comet Tchouri. Arrival at destination in 2014 and after analyzing the comet, the probe releases a lander (named Philae) responsible for studying the physical properties, the composition of the soil and the level of activity of the celestial body. These measurements will provide a better understanding of the processes that led to the formation of the solar system.
In 2008, Europe must take over from the United States and Russia to ensure the missions of supplying and maintaining the ISS in orbit. Ariane 5 successfully launches the Jules Verne spacecraft on 1is ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle). Able to transport 8 tons of material and to moor automatically at the station, Jules Verne will be followed by four other 19-ton cargo vehicles.
The 2009 launch is particularly unusual, sinceit brings together two scientific telescopes: one, Herschel, whose mission is to observe cold celestial bodies via infrared rays, and the other, Planck, used to observe the cosmic microwave background, a light emitted 380,000 years after the Big Bang. The information gathered is valuable for understanding the birth of the universe.
Galileo is the first global positioning service to break away from the American GPS (the Global Navigation Satellite System). An emblematic project of the European Commission and ESA, it makes it possible to obtain an accuracy of less than two meters at any location on the planet.
The BepiColombo mission is launched by ESA in collaboration with JAXA (the Japanese space exploration agency). This mission aims to send two probes in the direction of Mercury, the most mysterious planet in the solar system.
This is one of the most talked about missions of Ariane 5 in recent years. The James-Webb telescope, which replaces its predecessor Hubble, is the most powerful ever sent into space. MIRI is an infrared instrument on board the telescope which provides extremely precise images. Its technology allows it to capture 70% more light, and therefore capture unprecedented images revealing the first stars and galaxies formed after the Big Bang.
The JUICE probe is the last large-scale mission deployed by the Ariane 5 launcher. Its goal: to study the planet Jupiter and three of its moons. In eight years, the probe will reach the orbit of the “gas giant”, whose mass is more than 2.5 times greater than all the other planets in the Solar System combined. THE The data collected should make it possible to better define the conditions necessary for the appearance of life.
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