2023-12-15 23:37:25
On Saturday, December 16th, the book of history records, among other things:
1653: After the dissolution of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell becomes “Lord Protector” of England, Scotland and Ireland through a constitution issued by the Army Council.
1773: “Boston Tea Party” in Boston Harbor: North American colonists dressed as Indians throw 342 crates of tea overboard an English ship.
1838: Defeat of the Zulu troops in Natal against the Boers.
1893: Premiere of the 5th (now 9th) Symphony in E minor, op. 95 (“From the New World”) by Antonín Dvořák in New York.
1903: Norway bans whale fishing in its coastal waters for a period of ten years.
1918: The first council congress of workers’ and soldiers’ councils was held in Berlin.
1928: Stalin ultimately calls on his competitor Trotsky, who was exiled to Kazakhstan, to abstain from any political activity.
1938: Hitler donates the “German Mother’s Cross of Honor” in bronze, silver and gold for women with above-average childbearing performance, e.g. B. if the children (at least four) were born alive.
1943: The United States and Britain recognize Marshal Tito, whose partisan formations have taken control of more than half of the territory of prewar Yugoslavia, as an “equal allied commander.”
1958: Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) announces his resignation as head of state of the People’s Republic. Liu Shaoqi (Liu Shao-chi) was elected as his successor in 1959.
1963: Zanzibar and Kenya are admitted to the United Nations as the 112th and 113th members.
1978: The OPEC countries decide to gradually increase crude oil prices by 15 percent.
1988: Under threat of papal sanctions, the Cologne cathedral chapter elects East Berlin Cardinal Joachim Meisner as Archbishop of Cologne. The Vatican is thus asserting itself against the German clergy in regulating the succession to the late Cardinal Joseph Höffner.
1993: The National Minorities Act comes into force. Roma and Sinti are recognized as an ethnic group.
1998: A four-day air offensive by the British and Americans against Iraq begins (“Operation Wüstenfuchs”).
2008: After the mega-fraud of the former head of the US technology exchange Nasdaq, Bernard Madoff, the US authorities ordered the dissolution of his company. The Madoff case is one of the largest fraud cases in history.
2008: Historic blow against the mafia in southern Italy: Almost 100 mafiosi are arrested by special Carabinieri units in Palermo and the province.
Birthdays: Philipp Fahrbach, eastern composer (1843-1894); Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Eastern. Politician; 1906 Prime Minister of Cisleithania, 1915-1916 Imperial Minister of the Interior, 1916 Imperial Minister of Finance (1863-1918); Jorge Santayana (née Ruiz de S. y Borrás), US philosopher/writer of Spanish origin (1863-1952); Alexander I Karađorđević, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1921-1929, King of Yugoslavia 1929-1934 (assassinated) (1888-1934); Walter Frodl, Eastern art historian (1908-1994); Fritz Robak, Eastern politician (1913-1994); Marilies Flemming, Eastern. Politician (ÖVP) (1933-2023); Liv Ullmann, Norway. actress (1938); Benjamin Bratt, US actor (1963); Christian Struppeck, German actor, director, choreographer, author and producer; since 2012 director of the United Theaters Vienna (1968); Lisa Theresa Hauser, Eastern Biathlete (1993).
Days of death: Johann Peter Hasenclever, German painter (1810-1853); Eduard Reinacher, German writer (1892-1968); Rudolf Moralt, Eastern. conductor (1902-1958); Kakuei Tanaka, Japanese politician (1918-1993); Aglaja Maria Schmid, Eastern. Chamber actress (1926-2003).
Name days: Adelheid, Anasias, Sturm, Elke, Ado, Alice, Heidi, Albine, Sebastian.
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