For many people, the arrival of spring marks the start of allergy season. Sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose… almost 42% of the world’s population suffer from allergic rhinitis, also known as the common cold. This allergic response to pollen can have a significant impact on the quality of life of sufferers.
Genetic
But why are so many people affected by this allergy? Genetics plays an important role in determining an individual’s susceptibility to pollen: Several genes, including those involved in immune system regulation and response, have been linked to an increased risk of developing hay fever. Research has shown heritability ranges from 33% to 91% for allergic rhinitis“, explains Samuel J. White, immunologist, in The Conversation. In other words, if members of your family suffer from this allergy, you are likely to suffer from it too!
Immunity
Some people’s immune system can overreact to allergens, resulting in an allergic reaction, like the common cold. Suffering from other allergies, asthma, or even eczema can also increase the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.
Environment
Finally, the environment is another factor to consider. Some individuals may have greater and more frequent exposure to allergens, making them more susceptible to developing hay fever. ” This may be due to living in an area with high pollen counts or being exposed to certain allergens at work, for example “, adds the immunologist.
Finally, environmental factors such as exposure to air pollution, cigarette smoke or other irritants, can also make a person more susceptible to allergic rhinitis: This is due to damage to the nasal passages and respiratory system, which makes it easier for allergens to enter the body and trigger an allergic reaction. ».