2023-11-30 17:14:56
Implementing, from childhood and in different fields (family, school, etc.), interventions that reduce negative experiences and their consequences have potential for suicide prevention: they contribute to reducing risk factors and increasing certain factors. protection. The National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ) presents a synthesis of knowledge and identifies avenues for action.
Negative childhood experiences experienced within the family (e.g.: physical or sexual violence, exposure to domestic violence, mental health problem of the parent) constitute a factor that increases the risk of suicide. This synthesis of eight reviews analyzes the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions implemented outside clinical settings with regard to the reduction of negative childhood experiences and their consequences and discusses the results obtained with regard to the suicide prevention. Prior to the analysis of interventions, a conceptual framework explains the mechanisms by which negative experiences in childhood influence the risk of suicide. It emerges from this work that:
• Three interrelated mechanisms, namely neurobiological, psychological and relational disturbances, explain the influence of negative experiences experienced in childhood on mental and physical health, and the risk of suicide, throughout life. Their consequences are likely to induce psychological suffering, which can be a precursor to suicide.
• The interventions identified are associated with positive effects regarding the reduction of adverse childhood experiences or their consequences. They have been grouped into five categories:
– Interventions aimed at reducing poverty act on the occurrence of negative experiences and some of their consequences;
– Interventions aimed at promoting access to prevention services in the community are associated with reducing the consequences of negative experiences;
– Interventions aimed at making the school environment favorable to the promotion of mental health are also associated with reducing the consequences of negative experiences;
– Interventions aimed at supporting parenting reduce the occurrence of negative experiences and many of their consequences;
– Interventions aimed at supporting young people with the aim of promoting their mental health and well-being help reduce symptoms related to stress, and strengthen the young person’s socio-emotional skills.
The analysis shows that interventions that reduce adverse childhood experiences and their consequences have potential for suicide prevention. They make it possible to act from childhood and adolescence, and at different levels (public policies, living environments, individuals). Thus, they help to reduce risk factors for suicide and increase certain protective factors in this regard.
• Preventing suicide by reducing negative childhood experiences and their consequences: what courses of action? Knowledge synthesis, INSPQ, November 2023. In pdf.
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