Investigations carried out on an exploratory basis
Given the massive and daily use of surgical masks since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the DGCCRF (General Directorate for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control) conducted two sampling campaigns in 2020 and then 2021, on several dozen references of surgical masks intended for the general public. The objective was to to research the chemicals present in these masks. ANSES was contacted to assess the possible health risks linked to the inhalation of these substances or their contact with the skin.
Reassuring results under strictly observed conditions of use
During the investigations, the results of the analyzes revealed the presence of several chemical substances: dioxinsof the furanes, of the PCB-DL (polychlorobiphényles – dioxin-like), des HAP (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and COV (volatile organic compounds).
Exposure to chemicals found in masks does not exceed health thresholds, both for adults and children. These evaluations were carried out in cases where the conditions of use recommended by the HCSP are respected: change of mask every 4 hours maximum, mask worn the right way, etc. ” As soon as the recommendations for wearing masks are respected, these results are rather reassuring. Compliance with health thresholds guarantees the absence of risk for the health of populations, whether these substances are inhaled or in contact with the skin. explains Céline Dubois, coordinator of this expertise at ANSES.
Control the composition of surgical masks and the sources of contamination
The Agency wished to go further by researching the origin of these chemical substances. The dioxins/furans/PCB-DLs analyzed would not be intentionally added by manufacturers. Their presence could be the result of contamination from manufacturing processes or external contamination. ” One hypothesis could be the use of contaminated raw materials to make the masks “says Céline Dubois. The exact origin of the PAHs and VOCs could not be identified.
The Agency recalls the liability of manufacturers and marketers in terms of controlling the composition of surgical masks. ” As the expertise was conducted within tight deadlines, we were not able to study the release of the substances emitted by the masks, only their composition. says Céline Dubois. Also, the Agency recommends that manufacturers and marketers carry out an assessment of the release of chemical substances or particles contained in these masks. Furthermore, it considers that manufacturers and marketers should take the necessary measures to control the sources of contamination of their products, in particular in the context of the use of polypropylene (main component of masks) if it is recycled.
The composition of the nose clips and elastics, as well as the nature of the dyes used, should be documented by manufacturers so that they can also be evaluated. Finally, known allergens contained in surgical masks should be clearly displayed on the packaging.