An average of 227 trucks carrying humanitarian and commercial cargo entered Gaza daily between the start of the ceasefire and the end of May—less than half of the minimum 600 trucks stipulated daily under the ceasefire terms. One year after a ceasefire agreement mediated by the United States took effect on October 10, 2025, the international plan for postwar Gaza remains largely stalled. Israeli forces control roughly two-thirds of the enclave, key disarmament and reconstruction goals are unmet, and humanitarian aid continues to fall short of agreed levels.
Israeli Military Control Expands Across Gaza
The initial phase of the 20-point plan halted full-scale military operations and secured the release of the remaining hostages seized in the October 7, 2023, attacks, alongside hundreds of Palestinian prisoners and detainees held by Israel. Yet Israeli strikes have continued near-daily, and ground control has changed over the past year.
While the agreement initially envisioned an Israeli withdrawal to a designated yellow line
that would leave troops in control of 53 percent of the enclave, the Israel Defense Forces have unilaterally expanded their effective control to approximately two-thirds of the territory. This advancing line has compressed a displaced population of two million people into a shrinking coastal strip marked by tents and damaged structures.
According to the Israeli military, five Israeli soldiers have been killed by Palestinian militants or in combat during the same period. Separately, Military Intelligence chief Maj.-Gen. Shlomi Binder presented figures to the security cabinet indicating that 4,000 of the 6,000 individuals who infiltrated Israel from Gaza on October 7 had been killed.
Hamas Disarmament Stalls Board of Peace Roadmap
The central pillar of the postwar political transition—dismantling Hamas’s military capabilities and establishing a new administration under the US-backed Board of Peace—has met political roadblocks. Donald Trump announced that Hamas and other militant groups had accepted a 15-point roadmap to surrender their weapons, with forces withdrawing as disarmament proceeded under an International Stabilization Force and a new Palestinian security force. Indonesia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Albania, Kosovo, and Uganda have committed personnel, and US Major General Jasper Jeffers serves as commander, with a long-term plan aiming to utilize 20,000 troops and train 12,000 Palestinian police.
Hamas stated it agreed to transfer its weapons to be stored under the control of a US-backed Palestinian technocratic government. Although the group rejected the specific term disarmament,
the position marked a development for the faction. Israel dismissed the arrangement as unacceptable, maintaining that it will not carry out any troop withdrawals until Hamas is fully disarmed. Meanwhile, the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza remains in Cairo because Israel denies it entry.
Board High Representative Nickolay Mladenov discussed the transition from planning to implementation. The board was established under United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803, adopted on November 17, 2025, with a mandate running until December 31, 2027.
Aid Restrictions Continue Humanitarian Stalemate
International aid agencies report that Israel continues to block essential items, including metal tent poles, engine lubricant, and spare parts, citing potential military use by Hamas.
An Integrated Food Security Phase Classification report noted that an average of 227 trucks carrying humanitarian and commercial cargo entered Gaza daily between the start of the ceasefire and the end of May—less than half of the minimum 600 trucks stipulated daily under the ceasefire terms. Israeli officials maintain that approximately 600 trucks carrying humanitarian and commercial goods enter Gaza every day and that these deliveries are sufficient for the population’s needs.
Political Pressures Mount Ahead of Israel Elections
Within the Board of Peace, officials insist that operational planning continues out of public view. We are being strategic about when we do certain things, when we say certain things,
a board source told media channels regarding the upcoming elections, emphasizing that strategy is being carefully timed to ensure a smooth transition when a Palestinian technocratic administration eventually takes authority.
