09:03 PM
Monday, December 26, 2022
I wrote – Asmaa Morsi
Pulmonary TB is an infection of the lungs that can also spread to other parts of your body, such as the brain and spine. It is a type of mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Here we mention its causes, some warning signs and symptoms, its types and health complications, according to what was explained by “webmd”.
Types:
1. Latent tuberculosis
It occurs when you have some germs in your body, but your immune system prevents them from spreading, does not show any symptoms, and is not contagious.
But the infection is still alive and could someday become active.
2. Active tuberculosis
Bacteria and germs multiply rapidly, invading different organs of the body, and the infected person may transmit the infection to others.
Some warning signs and symptoms include:
Cough that lasts more than 3 weeks.
Source.
coughing up blood
Feeling tired all the time.
night sweats
chills.
Anorexia.
Weight loss.
If you have any of these symptoms, you should go to the specialist doctor immediately for the necessary tests.
– the reasons:
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread in the air, like a cold or the flu, and you can become more susceptible to infection from contact with people who have it.
Risk factors:
You may be more susceptible if:
1. A friend, co-worker or family member has active TB disease.
2. Live in or travel to an area where tuberculosis is common, such as Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean.
3. You work or live with someone who has the infection. This includes people who are homeless, people with HIV, people in prison, and people who inject drugs into their veins.
4. Work in a hospital or nursing home.
5. Smoking.
A healthy immune system fights the TB bacteria, but you may not be able to prevent it if you have:
HIV or AIDS.
Diabetes.
severe kidney disease;
Head and neck cancers.
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy.
Low body weight.
Malnutrition.
Taking transplant medications.
Some medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and psoriasis
Transmission of tuberculosis
When a person with TB “coughs”, sneezes, talks or laughs, they release tiny droplets that contain germs and, when inhaled, can become infected.
TB germs don’t spread on surfaces, and you can’t get it from shaking hands with someone who has it or sharing food or drink with them.
– Methods of Treatment:
Your treatment will depend on the infection:
If you have latent TB, your doctor will give you medicine to kill the bacteria so the infection doesn’t reactivate, such as isoniazid, rifapentine or rifampin, for up to 9 months.
If you have drug-resistant TB, your doctor may give you one or more different medicines, which you may have to take for a longer period of time, up to 30 months, and which can cause more side effects.
Whatever type of infection you have, it is important to stop taking all medications when you feel better, and the earlier you quit, the bacteria can become resistant to the drugs.
Isoniazid side effects:
Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, upset stomach, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, feeling weak.
Ethambutol includes:
chills, painful or swollen joints, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache.
Pyrazinamide:
lack of energy, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle or joint pain.
Health complications:
joint damage
Lung damage.
Injury or damage to the bones, spinal cord, brain, or lymph nodes.
Liver or kidney problems.
Inflammation of the tissues around the heart.
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