2023-08-21 06:00:00
Testicular cancer is the most common type of cancer in men aged 15 to 45. It usually manifests as a painless lump appearing in a testicle. An early diagnosis allows its cure.
According to the Cancer Research Foundation, about 95% of testicular cancers start in the germ cells of the testis, that is, the cells that then turn into sperm. These germ cells clump together for a reason that is still unclear, and form a mass: the cancerous tumor.. There are two types of testicular cancer: seminoma cancer, which mainly affects men over the age of 35, and non-seminoma cancer, which affects younger subjects. Finally, some testicular tumors consist of both seminomatous and non-seminomatous cells.
Testicular cancer: the causes
From a purely biological point of view, testicular cancer occurs when malignant (cancer) cells grow in the tissues of one or (more rarely) both testicles. The testicles are the two small, ball-shaped sex glands that sit inside a sac of skin below the penis, the scrotum. The testicles are responsible in the human reproductive system for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone. If it concerns just over 2,300 men per yearwhen diagnosed at an early stage, testicular cancer enjoys a cure rate in more than 90% of cases with, according to the national cancer institutea five-year survival rate after treatment of 98% for men aged 20, compared to 94% for those aged 60.
Testicular cancer: the factors favoring its occurrence
Certain risk factors promote the development of testicular cancer:
age : Testicular cancer mainly affects men between puberty and 45 years old, with a peak between 20 and 34 years old.THE genetic predispositions: testicular cancers are more frequent in the event of a family history of this type of cancer.In cryptorchidism : this is the condition in which a testicle has not descended just before birth. Indeed, the testicles develop in utero in the abdomen of the fetus. They descend into the scrotum before birth. Cryptorchidism affects about 3% of men; however, testicular cancer occurs more often in men with cryptorchidism.HIV infection : AIDS appears to increase the risk of testicular cancer.
How is testicular cancer diagnosed?
An accurate diagnosis of testicular cancer is necessary in order to develop the personalized care plan. Some of these examinations are also implemented afterwards, to check the effectiveness of the treatment and modify the personalized care program if necessary. The first test performed to diagnose cancer is theultrasound of the testicle. This non-invasive imaging test uses ultrasound to visualize internal organs. This allows the radiologist to determine if there is a mass in the testicles and if it is solid or filled with fluid. The second examination is a biopsy that the doctors will perform before the removal of the testicle concerned.. Thus, the examination makes it possible to scrutinize all the layers of the cancerous cells before a possible surgical intervention.
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