Abdujalil Abdurasulov, BBC correspondent in Kazakhstan.
But we could still hear shots and explosions, which could have been stun grenades. When I arrived, I thought there was fog and then I realized that it was probably smoke from grenades and gunpowder.
Uneven reactions
Several residents were shocked and angry. These protests are unprecedented in Kazakhstan, and many are surprised that they spread and turned violent so quickly.
Some of the people I spoke to were happy to see forces arrive from Russia and other neighboring countries, hoping that they would restore order.
One woman told me that the government should have been stronger from the beginning.
“If they had used force from the beginning, these riots would not have happened,” he said. “Maybe they were concerned about the criticism, about the fact that they used weapons, but now they see what this approach led to.”
In the middle of the anger for violence, there was also sympathy for the protesters. Many of them come from rural areas, where wages are low and life is hard.
“I understand the demands of the protesters,” said a 22-year-old cook.
“We can see that our wages are not increasing and most of the population is fighting. But this is looting and vandalism now, ordinary people are suffering now. It must stop,” he said.
Almaty residents now face food shortages, with large supermarkets closed. Stores that are open only accept cash, but it is difficult to find a place to withdraw money. There is no Internet and even taking a taxi seems too risky.
Without the internet and with poorly functioning telephones, it is difficult to know what is going on outside the city. All kinds of rumors are spread that are difficult to verify.
The authorities managed to control the city again, after protests over the rise in the price of fuel.
General discontent
Kazakhstan has never seen protests of this magnitude. There have been riots before, but most of them concentrated in one location. None of them resulted in an attack on the main airport.
Plans to increase fuel prices triggered these demonstrations, but there is also a widespread discontent with the government.
After the resignation of Kazakhstan’s first president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, who held office from independence until 2019, people expected the new leader, Kasim-Yomart Tokaev, to bring change.
These expectations were frustrated. The renaming of the capital Astana to Nur-Sultan, in honor of the former leader, was proof to many that the old elite are still in charge.
For now, things are calming down and the authorities seem to be in control.
But even if these protests are over, the discontent will remain. Perhaps there is a spark that fuels new ones.
Location: It shares a border with Russia to the north and with China to the east. It is a country the size of Western Europe.
Importance: It is a former ex-Soviet republic whose population is mostly Muslim, but houses a large Russian minority. It has vast mineral deposits, 3% of the world’s oil reserves, and an important copper and gas sector.
The news: The fuel price riots, which have grown into the most widespread anti-government protests yet, have led to resignations at the top of the government and a bloody crackdown on protesters.
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